Sau cov ntsiab lus kev paub
Kev nkag siab zoo txog cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj

Ua ntej Qin Dynasty, ob qho tib si raug cai thiab ntiag tug foob raug hu ua "Xi". Tom qab Qin koom ua ke rau rau lub nceeg vaj, nws tau hais tias tus huab tais lub foob raug hu ua "Xi" ib leeg, thiab cov kev kawm tsuas yog hu ua "Yin". Nyob rau hauv Han Dynasty, kuj muaj cov thawj coj, vaj ntxwv, poj huab tais thiab poj huab tais uas hu ua "Xi". Wu Zetian ntawm Tang Dynasty hloov lub npe mus rau "Bao" vim nws xav tias "Xi" muaj lub suab zoo nrog "Tuag" (ib txhia hais tias nws muaj tib lub suab nrog "Xi"). Los ntawm Tang Dynasty mus rau Qing Dynasty, cov txheej txheem qub tau ua raws thiab "Xi" thiab "Bao" tau siv ua ke. Han general lub foob yog hu ua "Zhang". Tom qab ntawd, raws li kev cai ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv yav dhau los dynasties, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj muaj xws li: "seal", "seal", "note", "zhuji", "contract", "guanfang", "stamp", "talisman", " "dab", "deed", "poke" thiab lwm lub npe. Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj nyob rau hauv pre-Qin thiab Qin-Han Dynasties feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib khi cov khoom thiab cov ntawv hlais. Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tau muab tso rau hauv cov av nkos sealing los tiv thaiv kev tshem tawm tsis tau tso cai thiab ua pov thawj. Lub foob tseem cim lub hwj chim. Cov ntawv hlais hauv qab lub raj tau yooj yim hloov mus rau hauv daim ntawv thiab lo lo ntxhuav, thiab kev siv cov khoom sib khi nrog cov av nkos yog maj mam tso tseg. Lub foob yog them nrog ib tug vermillion-xim xim seal. Ntxiv nrog rau nws cov kev siv niaj hnub, nws kuj tau siv ntau zaus rau cov ntawv sau hauv calligraphy thiab painting, thiab tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm kuv lub teb chaws cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kos duab. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tooj liab, nyiaj, kub, jade, colour glaze, thiab lwm yam feem ntau yog siv los ua sealing cov ntaub ntawv, raws li cov hniav, horns, ntoo, siv lead ua, thiab lwm yam. Pob zeb seals tau nrov tom qab Yuan Dynasty.

[Type of seals]

Official foob: Lub foob foob. Cov foob pob hluav taws hauv yav dhau los dynasties muaj lawv tus kheej lub tshuab. Tsis tsuas yog lawv cov npe txawv, tab sis lawv cov duab, qhov ntau thiab tsawg, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, thiab cov nyees khawm kuj txawv. Lub foob yog muab los ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab sawv cev rau txoj cai kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov nom tswv thiab qhia qib. Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj feem ntau loj dua li cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ntiag tug, ceev faj, ntau square, thiab muaj cov nyees khawm qhov ntswg.

Private foob: ib lo lus dav dav rau cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj uas tsis yog cov foob raug cai. Lub kaw lus ntiag tug yog qhov nyuaj thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau pawg raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov cim, kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cim, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm thiab cov khoom sib xyaw. Lub npe, font, thiab naj npawb stamp: Cov ntawv luam yog kos nrog tus neeg lub npe, tus lej, lossis tus lej. Han cov npe muaj ib tug cim ntxiv, thiab lawv peb lub cim yog Yin. Cov tsis muaj tus cwj pwm "Yin" yog hu ua Yin. Txij li thaum Tang thiab Song dynasties, tus cwj pwm "Zhu Wen" tau raug siv los ua cov qauv tsim rau cov cim cim, thiab tus cwj pwm "Shi" kuj tau ntxiv rau lub npe. Cov neeg niaj hnub no kuj muaj lub npe cwj mem, uas kuj poob rau hauv pawg no.

Zhaiguan Foob: Cov neeg qub feem ntau hu lawv cov chav nyob thiab kev kawm, thiab feem ntau siv lawv los ua cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Li Qin ntawm Tang Dynasty muaj lub foob ntawm "Duan Ju Shi", uas yog hais txog lub foob thaum ntxov.

Tsab ntawv foob: Lub foob yog ib qho uas lo lus "Qi Shi", "Bai Shi", thiab "Shuo Shi" raug ntxiv tom qab lub npe. Niaj hnub no, tib neeg muaj cov neeg uas "obsess dua", "ua siab ncaj foob", thiab "pas". Hom foob no tshwj xeeb yog siv rau kev sau ntawv ntawm cov ntawv. Sau kom txaus siab foob: Hom foob no feem ntau yog siv los npog calligraphy thiab painting kab lis kev cai relics. Nws tau vam meej nyob rau hauv Tang Dynasty thiab zoo dua li Song Dynasty. Taizong ntawm Tang Dynasty muaj "Zhenguan", Xuanzong muaj "Kaiyuan", thiab Huizong ntawm Song Dynasty muaj "Xuanhe", tag nrho cov no tau siv nyob rau hauv imperial sau ntawm calligraphy thiab paintings. Rau kev sau cov foob pob, lo lus "sau", "khoom muaj nqis", "book collection", "painting collection", "treasure", "secret play", "book" thiab lwm yam. Hauv qeb kev txaus siab, cov lus xws li "kev txaus siab", "cov khoom muaj nqis", "kev txaus siab dawb huv", "lub siab txaus siab", "saib", "qhov muag koob hmoov" thiab lwm yam. Cov lus "edited", "examined", "pom zoo", "appraisal", "Identification" thiab lwm yam yog feem ntau ntxiv nyob rau hauv revision type seal. Auspicious language seal: Lub foob yog engraved nrog lus zoo. Xws li "cov txiaj ntsig loj", "hnub tau txais txiaj ntsig", "muaj hmoo zoo", "kev zoo siab ntev", "muaj hmoo ntev", "ntev kev nplua nuj", "cov xeeb ntxwv zoo", "kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev ua neej ntev", "kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb mus ib txhis", ” "Kev khwv tau ib txhiab pob zeb hauv ib hnub", "Ua tau txiaj ntsig ntawm kaum lab lab hauv ib hnub", thiab lwm yam. txhua yam poob rau hauv pawg no. Xiao Xi ntawm Qin Dynasty tau sau tias: "Cov kab mob yuav kho tau, kev noj qab haus huv nyob mus ib txhis yuav so, thiab lub neej ntev yuav nyob kaj siab lug." Kuj tseem muaj cov uas ntxiv cov lus zoo saum toj thiab hauv qab lawv cov npe, uas muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv ob sab sib khi hauv Han Dynasty.

Idiom foob: Nws belongs rau qeb ntawm leisure foob. Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj yog engraved nrog idioms, paj huam, los yog cov lus xws li yws yws, romance, Buddhism thiab Taoism, thiab feem ntau yog stamped rau calligraphy thiab painting. Idiom foob tau nrov nyob rau hauv Song thiab Yuan Dynasties. Nws tau hais tias Jia Sidao muaj "tus tsim txiaj yuav txaus siab rau nws tom qab", Wen Jia tau "Zhao Xiyu tau qhuas rau nws lub koob npe", thiab Wen Peng tau "Kuv muab kuv tus kheej piv rau kuv tus qub Peng", txhua tus yog Suav hauv " Li Sao”. Ninja pab tsis tau luag. Cov idioms nyob rau hauv lub foob tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj zoo ntawm Qin thiab Han Dynasties. Lawv tuaj yeem ua si txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis lawv yuav tsum muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj kuab heev, thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm random.

Xiao-shaped foob: Kuj tseem hu ua "picture seal" thiab "pattern seal", nws yog ib lo lus dav dav rau cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj engraved nrog cov qauv. Ancient zodiac seals feem ntau yog kos nrog cov duab ntawm tib neeg, tsiaj txhu, thiab lwm yam, thiab yog kos los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv, suav nrog zaj, phoenixes, tsov,

Cov dev, nees, ntses, noog, thiab lwm yam, yog qhov yooj yim thiab yooj yim. Feem ntau ntawm cov zodiac cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj yog sau ua dawb, ib txhia yog cov duab ntshiab, thiab ib txhia muaj ntawv nyeem. Hauv Han cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, zaj thiab tsov, los yog "plaub dab" (tus zaj ntsuab, tsov dawb, noog liab, thiab Xuanwu) feem ntau ntxiv nyob ib ncig ntawm lub npe.

Kos npe foob: Kuj hu ua "monogram foob", nws tau kos npe los ntawm ib tus neeg uas tau kos ib lub paj nrog nws lub npe rau nws, ua rau nws nyuaj rau lwm tus los xyaum, vim nws ua pov thawj ntawm kev ntseeg siab. Hom kev foob no tau pib nyob rau hauv Song Dynasty thiab feem ntau tsis muaj txheej txheej. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyiam nyob hauv Yuan Dynasty yog cov duab plaub, feem ntau nrog lub xeem lub npe kos rau saum toj thiab cov ntawv Basiba lossis monogram nyob hauv qab, tseem hu ua "Yuan Ya" lossis "Yuan stamp".

[Taboos hauv kev siv cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj]

Thaum muab cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ntawm cov ntawv sau thiab cov duab kos, lub foob yuav tsum tsis txhob loj dua cov cim. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab lub foob loj rau ntawm thaj chaw loj thiab lub foob me me rau ntawm thaj chaw me me.

Suav painting yuav tsum stamped ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub inscription thiab ncaj nraim mus rau hauv qab ces kaum. Tsis pub lub kaum ntawv nyiaj tso cai. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj kos npe rau ntawm lub ces kaum sab xis, koj tuaj yeem thwj lub "Xian" foob rau ntawm lub ces kaum sab laug; Yog tias koj kos npe rau ntawm lub ces kaum sab laug, koj tuaj yeem ntaus lub "Xiang foob" rau ntawm kaum sab xis. Yog tias lub foob ntawm kab lus saum toj no nyob ze rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis, tsis tas yuav muab lub foob dawb.

Thaum kos npe rau Suav painting chess daim, yuav tsum tsis muaj nyiaj muas dawb nyob rau sab laug thiab sab xis. Sau rau ntawm lub ces kaum sab xis thiab nias lub cim square rau ntawm sab laug ces kaum; sau rau ntawm lub ces kaum sab laug thiab stamp rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis sab xis nrog lub cim square. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ntaus lub foob ntawm no, thiab nws raug yuam kom muab stamped, nws yuav ua rau nws tus kheej swb.

Rectangular, puag ncig, thiab oblong cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tsis tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov ces kaum ntawm cov square seals. Lub foob pob hluav taws tsis tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw seem ntawm sab saum toj ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab kos duab, txwv tsis pub nws yuav dhau qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv cov tsoos suav paintings, inscriptions yuav tsum ncaj thiab cov cim nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm txhua kab yuav tsum tsis txhob ua tib zoo ua raws li qhov ntev ntawm lwm cov kab. Ib yam mus rau cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj.

Ob lub foob, ib lub xwmfab thiab ib puag ncig, tsis tuaj yeem sib phim. Tib cov ntawv luam tawm tuaj yeem sib phim.