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Kunzwisisa pamusoro pezvisimbiso

Pamberi peQin Dynasty, zvisimbiso zvepamutemo uye zvakavanzika zvainzi "Xi". Mushure mekunge Qin yabatanidza humambo hutanhatu, zvakanzi chisimbiso chamambo chainzi "Xi" chete, uye vanhu vaingonzi "Yin". MuHan Dynasty, maivewo nemachinda, madzimambo, vahosi namambokadzi vainzi "Xi". Wu Zetian weTang Dynasty akachinja zita kuti "Bao" nekuti akanzwa kuti "Xi" ine mataurirwo ari pedyo ne"Rufu" (vamwe vanoti ine mataurirwo akafanana na"Xi"). Kubva kuTang Dynasty kusvika kuQing Dynasty, hurongwa hwekare hwakateverwa uye "Xi" uye "Bao" dzakashandiswa pamwechete. Chisimbiso chemukuru weHan chinonzi "Zhang". Mushure meizvi, maererano netsika dzevanhu vekare, zvisimbiso zvinosanganisira: "chisimbiso", "chisimbiso", "chinyorwa", "zhuji", "chibvumirano", "guanfang", "chitambi", "talisman", " deed”, “deed” , “poke” nemamwe mazita. Zvisimbiso mu pre-Qin uye Qin-Han Dynasties yainyanya kushandiswa kuisa chisimbiso zvinhu uye slips. Zvisimbiso zvakaiswa pamatope anonamwa kudzivirira kubviswa kusingatenderwi uye kuti aonekwe. Chisimbiso chepamutemo chinomiririrawo simba. Iyo inotsvedza muchubhu yekumashure inoshandurwa nyore nyore kuita pepa uye silika, uye kushandiswa kwekuiisa chisimbiso nematope kunoregwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Chisimbiso chakavharwa nechisimbiso chine ruvara rwevermillion. Pamusoro pekushandiswa kwayo kwemazuva ese, inowanzoshandiswa kune zvinyorwa mucalligraphy uye pendi, uye yave imwe yenyika yangu yakasarudzika mabasa ehunyanzvi. Kare, mhangura, sirivheri, goridhe, jade, mavara glaze, nezvimwewo zvainyanya kushandiswa sechinhu chisimbiso, achiteverwa nemazino, nyanga, huni, kristaro, nezvimwewo. Zvisimbiso zvematombo zvakave zvakakurumbira mushure meYuan Dynasty.

[Mhando dzezvisimbiso]

Chisimbiso chepamutemo: Chisimbiso chepamutemo. Zvisimbiso zvepamutemo munguva dzakapfuura dynasties dzine maitiro avo. Haasi mazita avo chete akasiyana, asi maumbirwo avo, saizi, zvisimbiso, uye mabhatani zvakare akasiyana. Chisimbiso chinobudiswa nemhuri yehumambo uye chinomiririra chiremera chekusiyanisa zvinzvimbo zvevakuru uye kuratidza chinzvimbo. Zvisimbiso zvepamutemo zvinowanzo hombe pane zvisimbiso zvepachivande, zvine hungwaru, mativi mana, uye zvine mabhatani emhino.

Chisimbiso chakavanzika: izwi rinowanzoreva zvisimbiso kunze kwezvisimbiso zvepamutemo. Iyo yakavanzika chisimbiso system yakaoma uye inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvichienderana nezvinorehwa nemavara, kurongeka kwemavara, nzira dzekugadzira, zvinhu zvekudhinda uye maumbirwo. Zita, font, uye chitambi chenhamba: Madhindindi acho akanyorwa nezita remunhu, digit, kana digit. Mazita evanhu veHan ane rimwe hunhu, uye mavara avo matatu Yin. Avo vasina hunhu "Yin" vanonzi Yin. Kubva paTang neRwiyo dynasties, hunhu "Zhu Wen" hwakashandiswa sechimiro chechimiro chezvisimbiso, uye hunhu "Shi" hwakawedzerwa kune surname. Vanhu vemazuva ano vanewo mazita echinyoreso, anowirawo muchikwata ichi.

Zhaiguan Seal: Vekare vaiwanzotumidza makamuri avo ekugara uye zvidzidzo, uye vaiwanzoashandisa kugadzira zvisimbiso. Li Qin weTang Dynasty aive nechisimbiso che "Duan Ju Shi", chaive chisimbiso chekutanga chakadaro.

Script chisimbiso: Chisimbiso ndechimwe chinowedzerwa mazwi anoti "Qi Shi", "Bai Shi", uye "Shuo Shi" mushure mezita. Mazuva ano, vanhu vane vanhu "vanofunga zvakare", "kurevesa chisimbiso", uye "kumbomira". Rudzi urwu rwechisimbiso rinonyanya kushandiswa pakunyorerana pakati pemavara. Kuunganidzwa kwekutenda chisimbiso: Rudzi urwu rwechisimbiso rinonyanya kushandiswa kuvhara calligraphy uye kupenda zvisaririra zvetsika. Yakabudirira muTang Dynasty uye yakanga iri nani kupfuura Song Dynasty. Taizong weTang Dynasty aive ne "Zhenguan", Xuanzong aine "Kaiyuan", uye Huizong weRwiyo Dynasty aine "Xuanhe", ese akashandiswa muunganidzwa wemambo wecalligraphy nemifananidzo. Pazvisimbiso zvemhando yekuunganidza, mazwi okuti "kuunganidza", "pfuma", "kuunganidza mabhuku", "kuunganidza kwekupenda", "pfuma", "kutamba pachivande", "bhuku" nezvimwe zvinowanzowedzerwa. Muchikamu chekutenda, mazwi akadai sekuti “kutenda”, “pfuma”, “kutenda kwakachena”, “kutenda kwemwoyo”, “kuona”, “kuropafadza kweziso” nezvimwewo. Mazwi okuti “akagadziridzwa”, “akaongororwa”, “akatenderwa”, “kuongorora”, “Kuzivikanwa” nezvimwewo anowanzowedzerwa muchisimbiso cherudzi rwekudzokorora. Auspicious mutauro chisimbiso: Chisimbiso chakanyorwa nemutauro wakanaka. Zvakadai se "purofiti yakakura", "mubairo wezuva", "rombo rakanaka", "mufaro wakareba", "rombo rakanaka", "hupfumi hurefu", "vana vakanaka", "hutano hurefu uye hupenyu hurefu", "rugare rusingaperi", " "Kuwana chiuru chematombo pazuva", "Kuita purofiti yemakumi emamiriyoni pazuva", nezvimwewo zvese zvinowira muchikamu ichi. Xiao Xi weQin Dynasty akanyora kuti: “Zvirwere zvicharapwa, utano husingagumi huchazorora, uye kurarama kwenguva refu kuchava norugare.” Kune zvakare avo vanowedzera mazwi anofadza pamusoro uye pasi pemazita avo, ayo anonyanya kuwanda muzvisimbiso zvine mativi maviri muHan Dynasty.

Idiom seal: Ndeyechikamu chevaraidzo chisimbiso. Zvisimbiso zvinotemerwa madimikira, nhetembo, kana kuti mashoko akadai sokunyunyuta, rudo, chiBuddha nechiTao, uye kazhinji anodhindwa pacalligraphy nependi. Idiom seals yaive yakakurumbira muRwiyo uye Yuan Dynasties. Zvinonzi Jia Sidao ane "vakanaka vachanakidzwa nazvo gare gare", Wen Jia ane "Zhao Xiyu anorumbidzwa nokuda kwemukurumbira wake", uye Wen Peng ane "Ndinozvifananidza nePeng yangu yekare", ose ari maChinese mu " Li Sao”. Ninja akatadza kuseka hake. Madimikira ari muchisimbiso akashanduka kubva pazvisimbiso zvakanaka zveQin neHan Dynasties. Inogona kuridzwa chero nguva, asi inofanirwa kuve ine chirevo uye inoyevedza, uye haigone kugadzirwa zvisina tsarukano.

Xiao-yakaita chisimbiso: Iyo inozivikanwawo se "pictographic chisimbiso" uye "pattern seal", ishoko rinozivikanwa rezvisimbiso zvakanyorwa nemapateni. Zvisimbiso zvekare zvezodiac zvinowanzonyorwa nemifananidzo yevanhu, mhuka, nezvimwe, uye inotorwa kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu, zvinosanganisira dhiragoni, phoenixes, tiger,

Imbwa, mabhiza, hove, shiri, nezvimwewo, zviri nyore uye zviri nyore. Zvizhinji zvezvisimbiso zvezodhiac zvakanyorwa nemuchena, mamwe mifananidzo yakachena, uye mamwe ane zvinyorwa. MuHan seals, shato nemadindingwe, kana "midzimu mina" (dhiragoni yegirinhi, dindingwe chena, shiri tsvuku, uye Xuanwu) inowanzowedzerwa kutenderedza zita.

Chisimbiso chakasainwa: Iyo inozivikanwawo se "monogram seal", inosainwa nemumwe munhu akaveza ruva rine zita rake pariri, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuti vamwe vatevedzere, sezvo inoshanda sechiratidzo chekuvimba. Rudzi urwu rwechisimbiso rwakatanga muRwiyo Dynasty uye kazhinji hachina furemu yekunze. Mazhinji eakakurumbira muYuan Dynasty aive nemakona, kazhinji aine zita resurname rakanyorwa pamusoro uye script yeBasiba kana monogram pazasi, inozivikanwawo se "Yuan Ya" kana "Yuan chitambi".

[Taboo pakushandisa zvisimbiso]

Pakuisa zvinyorwa uye zvisimbiso pane calligraphy nemifananidzo, chisimbiso hachifaniri kunge chakakura kudarika mavara. Zvakasikwa kuisa chisimbiso chikuru panzvimbo yakakura uye chisimbiso chiduku panzvimbo duku.

Iyo yeChinese pendi inofanirwa kudhindwa yakananga pasi pechinyorwa uye yakananga pasi kukona yepasi. Hapana zvitambi zvepakona zvinotenderwa. Semuenzaniso, kana ukasaina pakona yekurudyi, unogona kudhinda “Xian” chisimbiso pakona yezasi kuruboshwe; kana ukasaina pakona yekuruboshwe, unogona kudhinda "Xiang chisimbiso" pakona yekurudyi. Kana chisimbiso chendima iri pamusoro chiri pedyo nekona yepasi, hapana chikonzero chekuisa chisimbiso chemahara.

Paunenge uchisaina chiChinese chekupenda chess chidimbu, hapafanirwe kunge paine zvitambi zvemahara kumakona ekuruboshwe nekurudyi. Nyora pakona yekurudyi ugodhinda chitambi cheskweya pakona rezasi rekuruboshwe; nyora pakona yezasi kuruboshwe uye chidhinda pakona rezasi rekurudyi nechitambi chemativi. Kana pasina chikonzero chekuisa chisimbiso pano, uye chinomanikidzwa kuti chidhindwe, chinenge chiri kuzvikunda.

Rectangular, round, and oblong seals hazvigone kuiswa mumakona ezasi esquare seals. Chisimbiso chekwere haigoni kuiswa panzvimbo isina chinhu pamusoro pe calligraphy uye kupenda, kana zvisina kudaro inotora nzvimbo yacho. MuchiChinese mifananidzo yechinyakare, zvinyorwa zvinofanirwa kutwasanuka uye mavara ari kumagumo emutsara wega wega haafanire kuenderana nehurefu hwemimwe mitsetse. Zvakafanana zvinoenda kune zvisimbiso.

Zvisimbiso zviviri, sikweya imwe uye denderedzwa rimwe, hazvigone kuenderana. Zvinyorwa zvakafanana-zvakadhindwa zvinogona kuenzaniswa.